Clima Familiar y Desempeño Escolar

Andrea Lucía  Banegas Mejía

Autores/as

Andrea Lucía Banegas Mejía Universidad Tecnológica de Honduras Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2666-8705

Palabras clave:

clima familiar, desempeño escolar, familia

Resumen

El presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar de manera sistemática la evidencia científica sobre la relación entre el clima familiar y el desempeño escolar, identificando las dimensiones del entorno familiar que inciden en el rendimiento académico, la adaptación escolar y el bienestar socioemocional de los estudiantes. La revisión se desarrolló siguiendo la metodología PRISMA 2020, mediante la búsqueda, selección y análisis de artículos publicados en bases de datos internacionales entre 2000 y 2024. Se incluyeron investigaciones que abordaron familias de diversa composición, niveles socioeconómicos y contextos socioculturales, considerando tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. Indican que un clima familiar positivo, caracterizado por cohesión, afecto, comunicación abierta y estructuras claras, se asocia significativamente con un mayor rendimiento académico, motivación, autorregulación y adaptación escolar. Se identifican factores mediadores como la autoestima académica, la regulación emocional y la participación parental, así como la influencia moduladora del contexto socioeconómico y cultural. Se evidencian vacíos de investigación relacionados con poblaciones diversas, longitudinales y análisis de transformaciones socioculturales recientes. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de fortalecer el clima familiar como estrategia de intervención educativa y social, contribuyendo al bienestar integral de los estudiantes y a la equidad educativa.

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Clima Familiar y Desempeño Escolar

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