Burnout Académico en Estudiantes: Una Revisión Narrativa de Factores Asociados, Consecuencias y Estrategias de Abordaje

Ana Beatriz  Carvalho Mendes

Autores/as

Ana Beatriz Carvalho Mendes Universidade Federal de Roraima Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2558-0570

Palabras clave:

burnout académico, estudiantes, salud mental

Resumen

El burnout académico se ha consolidado como una problemática relevante en los sistemas educativos contemporáneos, debido a su impacto negativo en el bienestar psicológico, el rendimiento académico y la permanencia estudiantil. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión fue analizar la literatura científica sobre el burnout académico en estudiantes, identificando sus principales factores asociados, consecuencias y estrategias de prevención e intervención propuestas o estudiadas en la literatura reciente, con apoyo en marcos teóricos fundacionales. La metodología consistió en una revisión narrativa de la literatura, mediante la búsqueda y el análisis temático de artículos científicos indexados en bases de datos internacionales, considerando criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente definidos. Los resultados evidencian que el burnout académico es un fenómeno multidimensional, caracterizado por agotamiento emocional, cinismo y baja eficacia académica, estrechamente vinculado a la sobrecarga académica, la presión evaluativa, la baja autoeficacia y la escasez de apoyo institucional. Se identifican consecuencias relevantes en la salud mental y el desempeño académico, así como estrategias de prevención e intervención propuestas en la literatura centradas en habilidades socioemocionales y apoyo psicoeducativo, cuya efectividad requiere mayor evidencia empírica directa. Se concluye que abordar el burnout académico requiere enfoques integrales que involucren a estudiantes, docentes e instituciones educativas.

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Burnout Académico en Estudiantes: Una Revisión Narrativa de Factores Asociados, Consecuencias y Estrategias de Abordaje

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